The detection of virus genomic RNA in insect vectors trapped in the field can provide a non-invasive mean for monitoring the presence of mosquito-borne pathogens that can affect human health. This strategy, sometime referred to as xenomonitoring, can be implemented (i) in areas where disease diagnostic on humans cannot be achieved or accessed, (ii) in wild places to survey vector-borne pathogen transmission without having access to the vertebrate hosts, or (iii) to improve transmission surveillance for pathogens that can cause asymptomatic infections in humans.